实现“双碳”目标，上海有何路径、捷径、机遇？******
中新网上海1月12日电(记者 范宇斌)如何统筹推进碳达峰碳中和？正在此间召开的2023年上海市两会上，各民主党派上海市委员会和上海市工商业联合会聚焦“双碳”目标，提交集体提案，积极建言，凝聚共识。
中国力争2030年前实现碳达峰，2060年前实现碳中和。
“产品碳足迹的精准量化是实现‘双碳’目标的前提，而工业产品的碳足迹量化是实现‘双碳’目标第一步，量化碳足迹作为减少碳排放的第一步，能够有效帮助辨识在产品全生命周期中主要的温室气体排放过程。”为此，中国民主建国会上海市委员会在集体提案中建议，应率先建立产品碳足迹可信的精准量化标准体系，打造“上海制造”“双碳”新名片。
中国民主建国会上海市委员会建议，可以着力接轨国际通行的标准和规范，率先建立基于可信的、精准量化的产品碳足迹标准体系；推动产品碳足迹精准量化示范试点，有序推广到不同行业；完善碳足迹相关产业政策，引导高质量可持续发展。
对于超大城市上海而言，实现“双碳”目标，有何路径可走？
“降污减排、协同增效是促进上海经济绿色转型的重要途径之一。”中国民主促进会上海市委员会在集体提案中指出，当前上海经济发展与环境保护的长期矛盾尚未根本缓解，面对经济复苏、空气质量达标、“双碳”目标实现等多重压力，后疫情时期的经济复苏将增大空气质量达标以及“双碳”目标实现的难度。
如何“破题”？中国民主促进会上海市委员会建议，可以制定多种污染物协同控制的管控机制，并分类区分不同行业，制定不同时间段的降碳减排目标，落实应对措施；建立长三角地区协同的降碳减排交易机制，在长三角区域同权、同价，严格统一规范初始配额的发放方法、规则及年度核查规则；应用智能化、网络化、数字化等当代技术，作出周密有序的部署，以发展非化石能源为视角，寻求淘汰陈旧产能的发展路径。
实现“双碳”目标是否有“捷径”？
九三学社上海市委员会在集体提案中建议，推动数字技术赋能绿色低碳转型，大力推进数字技术与绿色低碳融合发展，提高产业高端化、智能化、绿色化水平。
审视当下，各地在推动绿色低碳转型过程中，面临着数字技术赋能低碳转型缺乏具体方案、数字技术和减排技术支撑能力不足、产业生态和应用场景不完善、数据中心碳排放体量大和减排难等诸多问题。
对此，九三学社上海市委员会建议，加强顶层设计和应用示范，制定数字技术赋能低碳转型规划；加强科技支撑和人才保障，依托“科技创新行动计划”支撑前沿数字低碳关键核心技术攻关；推动行业节能减排发展，重点用能单位率先开展数字化绿色低碳转型，丰富数字技术的节能降碳应用场景；促进数字低碳技术多元应用，打造统一的碳排放监测网络，建立碳排放数字监测和服务平台；推动数据中心绿色低碳发展，推广分布式供能、数电联营等绿色运营模式，探索“海洋+数据中心+风电”综合开发。
实现“双碳”目标又催生哪些新机遇？
“抢抓绿色低碳新赛道、培育绿色发展新动能已成为上海构筑未来发展竞争优势的战略方向。”上海市工商业联合会在集体提案中建议，助推民营经济抢占绿色低碳新赛道，赋能上海高质量发展。
据上海市工商业联合会介绍，一些民营企业已开始实践，在清洁能源、节能环保等领域展现发展实力，并形成了一批创新成果。“下一步，建议整合各方资源，共建绿色低碳产业生态；积极主动作为，加强绿色低碳引导服务；拓展场景应用，推动绿色低碳实践探索。”
2023年上海市政府工作报告明确，上海市今年将积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和。实施煤电节能降碳改造，推进 LNG站线扩建、分布式光伏建设，规划建设深远海海上风电示范、外电入沪等重大项目，推动电动汽车充换电设施建设，加快构建新型电力系统。发展绿色园区、绿色工厂、绿色产品、绿色供应链，坚决遏制高耗能、高排放、低水平项目盲目发展，淘汰落后产能450项。推动海铁联运、江海联运等多式联运发展。实施超低能耗建筑项目200万平方米、公共建筑节能改造400万平方米。推进碳普惠制度建设，倡导绿色低碳生活方式。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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